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WEDNESDAY' HOLY - I "Variceddi"

After the procession of the Real Maestranza that sparked the early morning hours of the day, the Wednesday of Holy Week continues with another very dear to nisseni time: the procession of small groups of statues that tell the passion of Jesus, "Varicedde" ie small Vare.

are nothing but, in most cases, the faithful miniature copies of the sixteen Vare of Holy Thursday, with the 'addition of three more moments of passion, bringing to 19 the scenes depicted.

The term Varicedda, characteristic of the dialect nissen, shows the diminutive of Vara, just to emphasize the small size of these groups compared to the Vare of Holy Thursday. The

Varicedde, or rather the Variceddi "are mostly the work of the artist nissen Salvatore Capizzi, while others were built by sculptor Emma of San Cataldo.

Both in timing and in the path of the procession is similar to that 'next day, however, that of Holy Thursday retains its own characteristics which are unlikely to be found in the procession of the Holy Wednesday procession that has more character, given that this is something easier.

The Varicedde were built with different types of materials, including terracotta, which were made with hands, feet and heads of the characters, the wood was used instead for the skeleton of 'any structure, while the draperies are made of papier mache.

Varicedde Each is entrusted to private citizens who, with great effort and enthusiasm, maintain them and jealously guards in your home year-round.

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small groups
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Varicedda The first one that opens the procession is "The Dinner " was built in 1958 by Capizzi, belongs to the families Bella and Bruno. The scene represents the moment when Jesus, during the 'Last Supper with the words: "some of you will betray me" and all the apostles are asking one another who will never be the one who performs this ceremony.

is very similar to the Vara of Maundy Thursday, both in the composition of the characters in their expressions. In real foods are prepared table: small loaves of bread, small tangerines (for imitations of oranges) and small artichokes (in imitation of lettuce). Varicedda The porch is topped by a 7-string, made of wood in the porch Vara Great who was also present, was removed in 1886 to lighten the weight and avoid collisions with balconies narrow streets, and this difference had five arches.
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Varicedda The second is " The Agony in the Garden" was built by Capizzi in 1952 Leonard Riggio and belongs to the family.

Although one of the smallest number of characters, is also one of the most well done. The

Varicedda represents the moment when Jesus is intent on praying in 'garden of olive trees and an angel descended from heaven to comfort him, hands him the cup of passion and the' other hand points to the sky as if to say that the cup is the will of God

Tradition has it that there is placed a true branch of 'the olive Behind the group, which makes the picture more realistic and natural.

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This same detail is found in the group that follows, "The Capture ", which was built by 'Emma in 1939, and belongs to the families and Bows Miraglia.

represents the moment when Jesus is arrested in the Garden of Olives.

Judas, the traitor, is in 'act of kissing the cheeks of the Nazarene, two Roman soldiers attend the scene while a Jew is about to catch him with a rope.

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" The Sanhedrin" is a group that has a greater number of characters, in fact, it includes twelve. It was built in 1947 by Salvatore Capizzi, Francesco Riggio belongs to the family.

is inspired by the painting "The Board of Caipha", a time in the church Santa Maria degli Angeli.

The characters in this group are slightly smaller than those of other Varicedde but remains one of the best, both for the bill, and accurate, that the expressions of each figure. Represents the moment when Jesus is questioned by the elders of the temple Caipha, the high priest, is represented with the miter on his head and a medallion with twelve precious stones, and under a canopy of dark purple.
The other characters are members of the Sanhedrin, who holds the parchment on which they expressed their opinion on the guilt or innocence of Jesus
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" The Flagellation" by Salvatore Emma was built in 1946, belongs to the family of Alfonso Farruggio, affectionately called Don Fofò. In the '70s, unfortunately, this Varicedda has been restored with the colors that have caused several problems for the group structure. In 2000 alone

has been carefully restored, returning to its original beauty.

Jesus is at the center, tied to a column, and two flagella, one with the bat and the other with the scourge, beat the sacred meat.

A Jew, bowing to the ground, weaves a crown of thorns, while a Roman soldier is looking at whether the punishment is carried out towards the Nazarene.

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"Ecce Homo " is the first real group that built by Capizzi, after the trial of his skill, was entrusted with the construction of most other Varicedde. Vincent Riggi belongs to the family.

represents the scene in which Jesus is shown by Pilate to the crowd that shows the words "Ecce Homo", that is the man.

four characters who represent the people, are under a balcony, all have the 'raised index finger as if to say: "Crucify him."

very successful is the attitude of 'haughty soldier placed on the balcony behind Jesus and Pilate.
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The seventh group is called "The Sentence " is one of two groups created by Emma Joseph, son of Salvatore, author of the other Varicedde.

belongs to the family Michael Russo. Pilate is represented under a rich canopy while washes his hands in a basin scale by a page.

Jesus stands before him tied up and controlled by two soldiers.

A member of the court reads the ruling as a centurion, Pilate behind, points the way to Calvary.

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With regard to the de Varicedda " The first fall, it was thought for a long time of Biangardi and only recently it was discovered that was built in 1924 by Salvatore Emma.
belongs to the Brothers Raven.
represents Jesus falls and along the road to Calvary. Jesus, the beautiful face, is on the ground, despite a Jew raised by the cross, while a Roman soldier beats Jesus with a spear.
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" Jesus meets his mother" has no corresponding Vara on Holy Thursday.

was built by Joseph Emma in 1987, belongs to the Grimaldi family and Spena.

Varicedda This is from a very valuable painting by Raphael that jealously guards in the diocesan museum of cultural heritage of Caltanissetta.

The scene takes place on the road to Calvary, where Jesus falls a second time. There she meets the mother who is at his side, holding hands, while other pious women hold, it seems that the wish to take away from Jesus and not suffer to see more so. The pious Martha, with clasped hands, looking with compassion at the scene. Three Jews from the look unnecessarily cruel surround this scene of deep emotion.
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"The Cyrene" was built by Salvatore Emma in 1924, belongs to the family of John Lucio.

Varicedda This is the one that has the statues of a smaller scale compared to the others.

Jesus arose from the fall, is helped by a man, Simon of Cyrene, who holds a 'end of the cross.
A Jew who strikes the Christ and a Roman soldier complete the scene.
The image of it has been reproduced in 2000 on a commemorative stamp of the Italian post office.

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" Veronica" was built in 1949 by Salvatore Capizzi, Francesco Salvatore Paolillo belongs to the family.

Jesus fell for a third time and a good woman, just call Veronica wipes his face streaked with blood.

She is represented in front of him holding the white veil imprinted on the 'image of the Nazarene.

On stage there are a Jew who strikes the Christ and a Roman soldier who, as if disturbed by the encounter, it seems to go on crying.
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" The Examination" was built in 1955 by Capizzi and designed in a single night to satisfy a devotee. It belongs to the families and Joey D'Oca.

Jesus before the crucifixion, is stripped by two Jews.

On stage there is a Roman soldier who tells Joseph and Nicodemus, places the other side of the stage, hang the sign with "INRI" on the cross that is still on the ground. It has no

Vara correspondence between what the next day, although in ancient times, before 1893, was one of the Vare Holy Thursday depicting the counting of Jesus, but that year was never carried in procession because non era tale da essere affiancata alle opere dei Biangardi.

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Anche " Gesù è inchiodato sulla croce " non fa riferimento ad alcuna Vara grande e risale appena al 1995, quando venne costruita dai fratelli Emma.

Appartiene alla famiglia Cimino Calogero.

Due Giudei stanno inchiodando Gesù alla croce.
Un membro del sinedrio ha in mano il cartello con su scritto INRI, mentre un soldato romano sta li a guardare che la punizione venga eseguita.
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" Il Calvario " è stato realizzato nel 1924 da Salvatore Emma ed appartiene alla famiglia Gervasi.
Jesus on the cross with his head bowed on his chest. Maddalena encircles the cross with his arms, while the Madonna, Mary of Cleophas, and John, his eyes wet with tears, holding the cross, sanctified by the martyrdom of the Divine Master.
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Following is Calvary, the group of " The Descent", the only group that belongs to the family of the author, Salvatore Capizzi.

Around the thirties was another group that was carried in procession, and later, being very small, it was renewed by Capizzi in 1965, and replaced with the current group that is certainly one of the finest artistic point of view, majestic and imposing, but sweet and harmonious at the same time. Jesus in this Vara is lowered from the cross: to perform this ritual are pious Joseph, Nicodemus, Mary John and two Jews, which are symmetrically climbed up the stairs leaning against the cross, all to support the battered body of Jesus

to attend the scene, Mary Magdalene are down, caressing the feet of Christ and Mary of Cleophas.
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"The Pietà "was built in 1924 by Salvatore Emma, \u200b\u200bbelongs to the family say.

Jesus, after being down from the Cross is entrusted to the Mother, Mary, who keeps him tenderly on his legs.

La Maddalena, on his knees, holds in his hands of Christ while John, on the sidelines, watch the scene. Behind it is the cross from which hangs the shroud.

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"The Translation" was built in 1954 by Capizzi and belongs to the family sources and Vinniro.

Represents the scene where Jesus' body is carried to the grave.

Mary, John, Joseph and Nicodemus carefully hold the sheet on which lies the body of Jesus instead

La Maddalena, is depicted on the sidelines, as bewildered.

Everyone has a suffering face, particular attention to the pitiful figure of Mary who is in a posture different from the Vara of Holy Thursday, bending down, in fact, fixed the torn flesh of the child pain.
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" Sacred Urn" by Capizzi was built in 1956, belongs to the Knight and Stefano Urso his family.

With this group, we want to give as an anticipation of resurrection.
Jesus, covered with a thin veil, is in a 'golden urn, finely carved in wood and covered with thin layers of gold and precious.

to overcome the 'urn is placed in the hands of an angel bearing a ribbon that reads in Latin: "It will be his glorious tomb," another sign of the profound message that keeps this Varicedda.
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The last group is "The Sorrows " which was built in 1934 by Capizzi and belongs to the family Cimino Lorenzo.

does not have an equal among the launches of Holy Thursday, in fact the great Vara was destroyed in a disastrous fire in 1905 and was saved only part of the statue of the Madonna that all 'now integrated in the body, paraded in a procession. The

Capizzi, for the construction of this desolate, was inspired by the big launches that once marched in procession.
At center stage are piled the main signs of the passion: the cross, the shroud, the scourge, the crown of thorns, the garment of Jesus

A look at these terrible signs is Mary, dressed in a black coat with a handkerchief in her hands. A

comfort in this plant is a beautiful golden-winged seraphim, which is holding a ribbon that reads: "Magna est Velut, contritio your sea", that is, your sadness is as big as the sea.

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The procession

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Since the early afternoon Varicedde settle in various parts of the city and are decorated with flowers and lights for the evening. All 'dusk, accompanied dale bands, All groups meet in Piazza Garibaldi, in the same arrangement of the Vare larger. Around twenty
began their procession, accompanied by numerous bands, the predominant presence of children to pave the way for each statue, holding candles, tapers and the traditional "bilannuna. There is an 'atmosphere of celebration and joy that enhances the atmosphere of the next day, when you come into the scene Vare, a symbol of the Holy Week Nissen.

The procession, which follows the same path of Holy Thursday, ending the night in the same square where hours before it was started, and after the fireworks, the Varicedde leave the plaza between the smoke from the flares.

few years, after the procession, the Varicedde are placed in the lobby of City Hall, where they remain on display until Monday.
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Origins and History

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the first "VARICEDDE" Of 1800

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Often there are those who confuse the origins of this procession of the Vare, but the two celebrations are quite distinct.

The origins of the procession of Varicedde can be traced back to around half of 1800, when a private nissen had built a miniature of the fourteen Vare ' Alessi, who paraded on Holy Thursday, exposes them to his house all day and at dusk came brought to the palm of his hand from some men in white habit and, at the rate of massive drums, ran some stretches of the old town.

This event, which lasted a few years, was soon abolished.

Subsequently, at the end of ' 800, a group of students built miniature some of the current Vare of Holy Thursday, with those groups, which were much larger than the previous ones, restored the procession of Varicedde.

The Holy Wednesday were decorated with flowers and lights in the hall 's former Hospital "Fatebenefratelli" and sunset were brought in piazza Garibaldi, from where the procession, which followed the same routes of the procession the next day. Precisely in 1901

this procession was taken seriously by political and religious authorities of the city, so much so that THAT 'year, before the Holy Week, the city was filled with posters to advertise this procession.

In 1902 they took the Varicedde even more solemn, were touched and made more beautiful.

Not if they know the reasons, but this attempt also went to restore again to fall, because the procession was soon abolished.
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1924: THE PROCESSION WITH THE CURRENT GROUP

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After several years of stagnation, around the year 1924 we restored the old evening procession of Holy Wednesday, the work of the young apprentice and who remained excluded from the events of Holy Week.

New Varicedde are the work of a local restorer Salvatore Capizzi, while others were commissioned to the sculptor Giuseppe Salvatore Emma of San Cataldo.

Varicedde The first years were six or seven, then, year after year, they commissioned a number of other families, adding to the procession, up to 1995 in al complessivo numero di diciannove Varicedde, aggiungendo, oltre a delle fedeli copie delle Vare del Giovedì Santo, altri tre momenti delle Passione: Gesù che incontra la madre sulla via del Calvario (che fu costruita da Giuseppe Emma, figlio di Salvatore nel 1987), Gesù che viene spogliato dalle vesti prima della crocifissione (del Capizzi, 1955) e Gesù che viene inchiodato nella croce (realizzato nel 1995 dai fratelli Emma, figli di Giuseppe).

Di anno in anno la processione delle Varicedde ha assunto un valore sempre più importante per i nisseni, grazie a quanti si sono adoperati per mantenere viva questa tradizione che ormai si tramanda da diverse generazioni.

Col passare del tempo, così as the procession of the Vare, there have been many changes, the 'lighting for example, which was once given by the flames of acetylene, is now mostly electric. Then the transport up to several tens of years ago the Varicedde were brought in procession to shoulder "as kids, but now they are on trailers and driven by force of arms, so 'as the Group of Holy Thursday. In 1994

was founded a group called "Sacred Association Small Groups," which for some time takes care of organizing the festival with enthusiasm, and is the promoter of several events aimed at spreading the 'love for these traditions.

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- Excerpt from "The Rites of Holy Week in Caltanissetta" by Francesco Miceli.

- Photos from the series of postcards made by the Association of Small Groups of Caltanissetta.